{"id":741,"date":"2016-09-05T06:06:14","date_gmt":"2016-09-05T04:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/?p=741"},"modified":"2016-09-02T06:52:48","modified_gmt":"2016-09-02T04:52:48","slug":"measuring-minimal-and-maximal-microscope-magnification-and-zoom-ratio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/2016\/09\/05\/measuring-minimal-and-maximal-microscope-magnification-and-zoom-ratio\/","title":{"rendered":"Measuring minimal and maximal microscope magnification and zoom ratio"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-817 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"ruler_r2\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r2-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r2.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Magnification ratio is one of many parameters to describe optical instrument &#8211; microscope in this case. Magnification ratio usually comes along with zoom range. These terms are often being misused. In this post I will measure zoom range and magnification ratio of monocular video microscope lens and stereo inspection microscope (Konus #5424) head.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Despite being different kind of optical instruments they have similar magnification ratios, so it&#8217;s fair to compare them.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Measurement<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Let&#8217;s mount <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/shop\/cameras\/CAMUSB1\">C1 camera<\/a> on a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/shop\/lenses\/MZL070-450-050\">lens<\/a> and take some pictures of a known object at minimal and maximal magnification.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/video_lens.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-797\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/video_lens.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/video_lens.jpg 571w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/video_lens-300x141.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Two different rulers will be used:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Larger one is 50cm steel ruler<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smaller one is microscope slide 5mm with 0.01mm marks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-790\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"ruler_r\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I will use these pictures to measure view field dimensions. Also to be noted that video microscope uses 0.5x adapter tube.<\/p>\n<pre>Declared min magnification: (0.7x * 0.5) 0.35x -&gt; <strong>13mm(H) x 7.3mm(V)<\/strong>\r\nDeclared max magnification: (4.5x * 0.5) 2.25x -&gt; <strong>2mm(H) x 1.1mm(V)<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3>Math &#8211; zoom ratio<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quickly calculate diagonal viewable image size at min and max magnification:<\/p>\n<pre>SQRT(13^2 + 7.3^2) = <strong>14.9mm<\/strong>\r\nSQRT(2^2 + 1.1^2) = <strong>2.3mm<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p>And now we can find zoom ratio:<\/p>\n<pre>Theoretical: (4.5*0.5) \/ (0.7*0.5) = <strong>6.4x<\/strong>\r\nZoom ratio: 14.9 \/ 2.3 = <strong>6.5x<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">So stated magnification ratio is pretty legit. Good to know that manufacturer does not lie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For reference I also measured trinocular microscope viewable image size at minimal and maximal magnification ratio. Please note that this time I measured rulers by eye and projected image is disc instead of being rectangular.<\/p>\n<pre>Declared min magnification 0.7x: D=<strong>33mm<\/strong>\r\nDeclared max magnification 4.5x: D=<strong>4.5mm\r\n<\/strong>Zoom ratio: 33\/4.5 = <strong>7.3x<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While specified parameters are the same magnification range is slightly wider than previous optical instrument. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Math &#8211; magnification<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While we can&#8217;t measure stereo microscope magnification (don&#8217;t have projected image dimensions), it is pretty easy to calculate this parameter for lens mounted on a camera. To calculate this parameter we need to know used camera sensor dimensions. Good to know that C1 camera has known sensor dimensions.<\/p>\n<pre>Sensor size horizontal: <strong>5.07mm(H)\r\n<\/strong>Sensor size horizontal:<strong> 3.38mm(V)\r\n<\/strong>Sensor size diagonal: SQRT(5.07^2 + 3.38^2) = <strong>6.09mm\r\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Also let&#8217;s take into account that camera does not use full sensor.<\/p>\n<pre>Pixel dimensions: 2.2\u00b5m x 2.2\u00b5m (square pixels)\r\nFrame size: 1920 x 1080\r\nTrue frame size horizontal: 1920 * 2.2\u00b5m = <strong>4.224mm\r\n<\/strong>True frame size vertical: 1080 * 2.2\u00b5m = <strong>2.376mm\r\n<\/strong>True frame size diagonal: SQRT(4.224^2 + 2.376^2) = <strong>4.85mm<\/strong> \r\n<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/sensor_color.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-832\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/sensor_color.png\" alt=\"sensor_color\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/sensor_color.png 635w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/sensor_color-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Now when we have source and destination image sizes let&#8217;s normalize them to have nice magnification ratio<\/p>\n<p>Min magnification: 4.85 \/ 14.9 = 0.33 =<strong> 1:3 <\/strong>Max magnification: 4.85 \/ 2.28 = 2.12 = <strong>2:1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Simplified animated illustration shows projected image size variations.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/gif.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-828 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/gif.gif\" alt=\"gif\" width=\"600\" height=\"330\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Compare results<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To compare viewable area of both microscopes I provide you drawing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Part1-Sheet1_color.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-834\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Part1-Sheet1_color.png\" alt=\"Part1 - Sheet1_color\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Part1-Sheet1_color.png 995w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Part1-Sheet1_color-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Part1-Sheet1_color-768x476.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While both compared microscopes have specified range of 0.7x-4.5x they have slightly different optical parameters. At a first glance video microscope has smaller view area, but it might be deceptive conclusions. Actually being C-mount it is suitable for larger sensors. How big? It might be between 1&#8243; and 1\/2&#8243;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Magnification ratio is one of many parameters to describe optical instrument &#8211; microscope in this case. Magnification ratio usually comes along with zoom range. These terms are often being misused. In this post I will measure zoom range and magnification ratio of monocular video microscope lens and stereo inspection microscope (Konus #5424) head. Despite being [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":817,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[157],"tags":[109,62,110,25,105,104,51,113,154,106,108,107,112,111,29],"class_list":["post-741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to","tag-calculate","tag-camera","tag-cropped","tag-lens","tag-magnification","tag-math","tag-microscope","tag-monocular","tag-optometry","tag-ruler","tag-sensor","tag-slide","tag-stereo","tag-trinocular","tag-zoom"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ruler_r2.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6VSmB-bX","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=741"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":839,"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/741\/revisions\/839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kurokesu.com\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}